Independent operation of implicit working memory under cognitive load |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;2. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;1. Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States;2. Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States;3. Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States;4. Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States;5. Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States;6. Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States;1. Department of Psychology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, USA;2. Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK;1. Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;2. Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;3. Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, NL-9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands;4. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;5. Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA;1. Laboratory of Neuroimaging, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, B2L124, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;2. Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK |
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| Abstract: | Implicit working memory (WM) has been known to operate non-consciously and unintentionally. The current study investigated whether implicit WM is a discrete mechanism from explicit WM in terms of cognitive resource. To induce cognitive resource competition, we used a conjunction search task (Experiment 1) and imposed spatial WM load (Experiment 2a and 2b). Each trial was composed of a set of five consecutive search displays. The location of the first four displays appeared as per pre-determined patterns, but the fifth display could follow the same pattern or not. If implicit WM can extract the moving pattern of stimuli, response times for the fifth target would be faster when it followed the pattern compared to when it did not. Our results showed implicit WM can operate when participants are searching for the conjunction target and even while maintaining spatial WM information. These results suggest that implicit WM is independent from explicit spatial WM. |
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| Keywords: | Explicit working memory Implicit working memory Visual search Spatial working memory Consciousness |
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