Corporeal illusions in chronic spinal cord injuries |
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| Affiliation: | 1. NPsy-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy;2. IRCCS Fondazione S. Lucia, Rome, Italy;3. SCNLab, Department of Psychology, University “La Sapienza” of Rome, Rome, Italy;4. Department of Rehabilitation, “Sacro Cuore” Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy;5. Department of Functional Recovery and Rehabilitation, “San Bortolo” Hospital, Vicenza, Italy;1. Functional Brain Science Section, Jichi Medical University, Japan;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Japan;3. Division of Neurology, Jichi Medical University, Japan;4. Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Hungary;5. Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom;1. Laboratory of Action and Body, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK;2. Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthethics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland;3. Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorium, Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy;1. Neurorehabilitation and Brain Research Group, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;2. Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación y Daño Cerebral de los Hospitales NISA, Fundación Hospitales NISA, Río Tajo 1, 46011 Valencia, Spain;3. Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain;4. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain;5. Madeira-ITI, Universidade da Madeira, Campus universitario da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;1. Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria;2. Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy;3. Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Italy;4. Department of Mathematics, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Austria;5. Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria |
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| Abstract: | While several studies have investigated corporeal illusions in patients who have suffered from a stroke or undergone an amputation, only anecdotal or single case reports have explored this phenomenon after spinal cord injury. Here we examine various different types of bodily misperceptions in a comparatively large group of 49 people with spinal cord injury in the post-acute and chronic phases after the traumatic lesion onset. An extensive battery of questionnaires concerning a variety of body related feelings was administered and the results were correlated to the main clinical variables. Six different typologies of Corporeal Illusion emerged: Sensations of Body Loss; Body-Part Misperceptions; Somatoparaphrenia-like sensations; Disownership-like sensations; Illusory motion and Misoplegia. All of these (with the exception of Misoplegia) are modulated by clinical variables such as pain (visceral, neuropathic and musculoskeletal), completeness of the lesion, level of the lesion and the length of time since lesion onset. In contrast, no significant correlations between bodily illusions and personality variables were found. These results support data indicating that at least some cognitive functions (in particular the body, action and space representations) are embodied and that somatosensory input and motor output may be necessary to build and maintain a typical self-body representation. |
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| Keywords: | Spinal cord injuries Corporeal illusions Embodied cognition theory Pain Body representation |
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