Exploring the experience of episodic past,future, and counterfactual thinking in younger and older adults: A study of a Colombian sample |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Philosophy, Duke University, United States;2. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, United States;3. Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, United States;4. Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, United States;5. Department of Psychology, National University of Colombia, Colombia;1. Department of Philosophy, Duke University, United States;2. Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Canada;3. School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Arizona State University, United States;4. Department of Philosophy and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, United States;5. Program in Cognitive Science and Department of Philosophy, Yale University, United States;1. Duke University, United States;2. University of Illinois at Chicago, United States;3. Harvard University, United States |
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| Abstract: | Although extant evidence suggests that many neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying episodic past, future, and counterfactual thinking overlap, recent results have uncovered differences among these three processes. However, the extent to which there may be age-related differences in the phenomenological characteristics associated with episodic past, future and counterfactual thinking remains unclear. This study used adapted versions of the Memory Characteristics Questionnaire and the Autobiographical Interview in younger and older adults to investigate the subjective experience of episodic past, future and counterfactual thinking. The results suggest that, across all conditions, younger adults generated more internal details than older adults. However, older adults generated more external details for episodic future and counterfactual thinking than younger adults. Additionally, younger and older adults generated more internal details, and gave higher sensory and contextual ratings, for memories rather than future and counterfactual thoughts. Methodological and theoretical consequences for extant theories of mental simulation are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Episodic memory Counterfactual thinking Future thinking Mental simulation Autobiographical interview Phenomenology Aging |
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