The five‐factor personality inventory: cross‐cultural generalizability across 13 countries |
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| Authors: | Marco Perugini Alois Angleitner Fritz Ostendorf John A. Johnson Filip De Fruyt Martina Hřebíčková Shulamith Kreitler Takashi Murakami Denis Bratko Mark Conner Janos Nagy Antoni Rodríguez‐Fornells Imrich Ruisel |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK;2. Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany;3. Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, DuBois, PA, USA;4. Department of Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;5. Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic;6. Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;7. School of Education, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan;8. Department of Psychology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia;9. School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK;10. Department of Personality and Health Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary;11. Department of Neuropsychology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany;12. Antoni Rodríguez‐Fornells is now at the Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.;13. Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakias |
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| Abstract: | In the present study, we investigated the structural invariance of the Five‐Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) across a variety of cultures. Self‐report data sets from ten European and three non‐European countries were available, representing the Germanic (Belgium, England, Germany, the Netherlands, USA), Romance (Italy, Spain), and Slavic branches (Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia) of the Indo‐European languages, as well as the Semito‐Hamitic (Israel) and Altaic (Hungary, Japan) language families. Each data set was subjected to principal component analysis, followed by varimax rotation and orthogonal Procrustes rotation to optimal agreement with (i) the Dutch normative structure and (ii) an American large‐sample structure. Three criteria (scree test, internal consistency reliabilities of the varimax‐rotated components, and parallel analysis) were used to establish the number of factors to be retained for rotation. Clear five‐factor structures were found in all samples except in the smallest one (USA, N = 97). Internal consistency reliabilities of the five components were generally good and high congruence was found between each sample structure and both reference structures. More than 80% of the items were equally stable within each country. Based on the results, an international FFPI reference structure is proposed. This reference structure can facilitate standardized communications about Big Five scores across research programmes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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