问题解决中图式与策略的关系:来自表征复杂性模型的说明

采用口语报告法收集了26名小学三年级儿童解决两道复杂的算术应用题时的口语报告和作业资料，探讨了问题解决中图式与策略的关系。结果发现，对二者关系的解释要以问题表征复杂性为中介：如果被试的关系图式水平较高，表征复杂性(特别是表征深度)也会较大，相应会选择领域专门性更强的快捷策略；如果缺乏必需的关系图式。表征深度就降低，甚至不能正确表征问题，这时只好使用常规策略甚至错误策略。这个结论适用于有多种表征和解题方式的问题中。

The Relationship Between Schema and Strategy in Problem Solving:Explanations From the Representational Complexity Model

The relationship between schema and strategy was examine d by an analysis of 26 3rd graders' verbal report and written data in solving two complex arithme tical word problems. It was found that the relationship of them was mediated by representational complexity. If participants had high schema level, the rep resentational complexity (especially representational depth) reached high deg rees, so they would apply the domain-special shortcut strategy. Otherwise, th ey had to use general strateies, even incorrect strategies. This conclusion was applicable to problems with several possible ways of representation.