A meta-analytic review of prospective memory and aging |
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Authors: | Henry Julie D MacLeod Mairi S Phillips Louise H Crawford John R |
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Institution: | School of Psychology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom. j.d.henry@abdn.ac.uk |
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Abstract: | A meta-analysis of prospective memory (PM) studies revealed that in laboratory settings younger participants outperform older participants on tests of both time- and event-based PM (rs=-.39 and -.34, respectively). Event-based PM tasks that impose higher levels of controlled strategic demand are associated with significantly larger age effects than event-based PM tasks that are supported by relatively more automatic processes (rs=-.40 vs. -.14, respectively). However, contrary to the prevailing view in the literature, retrospective memory as measured by free recall is associated with significantly greater age-related decline (r=-.52) than PM, and older participants perform substantially better than their younger counterparts in naturalistic PM studies (rs=.35 and.52 for event- and time-based PM, respectively). |
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