Towards a normative change approach in child labour: A theoretical analysis and empirical exploration of the constituted and constitutive procedural social norms |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia;2. Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, HKU Centennial Campus, PokFuLam Road, Hong Kong, China;3. Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;1. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium;2. Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Canada;1. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;2. Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Portugal;3. Sleep Medicine Centre, CHUC (Coimbra Hospital and University Centre), Coimbra, Portugal;1. School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Australia;2. School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Australia;3. Business School, The University of Queensland, Australia;1. Center for Research and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Vindhemsgatan 10 B, 75224, Uppsala, Sweden;2. Psycho TCCE, Private Practice, Montpellier, France |
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| Abstract: | Growing evidence in the field of child labour has identified social norms among the key antecedents. Social norms regulate actions of people within the social order. Where social norms are institutionalized and legitimized, people conform to them out of a sense of duty. It is argued that legitimate, deep-rooted, and institutionalized social norms are difficult to change. Yet, there have been some significant improvements in research suggesting that normative change programs can effectively shift deep-rooted social norms. In this study, we explored a pathway to change social norms that underpin child labour practices in four major hubs of cocoa and sea fishing. We employed a bottom-up practice research approach to co-design the study, and implemented it through narrative vignette interviews. Using vignette stimulus, we interviewed parents (n = 40), with 20 of them perceived to have engaged their children in child labour, and stakeholders in the communities (n = 10). Findings from the narrative interviews revealed norms on informal apprenticeship, inheriting family business, and hard work, among the core child labour norms. We unraveled the constitutive procedural norms that legitimize and justify the child labour norms in the communities. Based on this, a normative change framework has been designed and supported with suggested intervention programs to shift the social norms. |
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| Keywords: | Child labour Social norms Cultural norms Normative change Ghana |
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