An evolutionary look at oddity and schizotypy: How the rise of social brain informs clinical practice |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;2. Center for Psychology and Health, Tages Charity, Florence, Italy;1. Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, 23 Mein Street, Newtown, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand;2. Department of Psychology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand;1. School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia;2. School of Law and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia;3. Community Mental Health, University of Agder, Norway;4. Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Eastern, Norway;5. Sørlandet Hospital Enterprise, Norway;1. Experimental Psychology Unit, Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043, Hamburg, Germany;2. Faculty of Life Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | A prominent facet of schizotypy is the recurrence of odd cognitions, emotions, and behaviors. This paper aims to present an evolutionary interpretation of oddity as a risk-minimizing and uniqueness-maximizing strategy for facing the complexity of our hyper-affiliative species. I discuss this hypothesis by exploring the intertwined role of social safety and social cognition in preventing or triggering psychopathology. Since schizotypy is reputed to be a polygenic dimension, its underlying genes are likely involved in both adaptive and maladaptive traits. Consequently, the oddity is presented as both an evolutionary trade-off and a possible advantage in the rise of our complex social brain. The clinical implications of conceptualizing schizotypy and supporting those struggling with maladaptive forms of oddity are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Attachment Compassion Evolution Metacognition Schizotypy Personality |
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