Moderators of the benefits of psychoeducational interventions for men with prostate cancer.

The authors examined whether 3 individual difference variables--self-esteem, self-efficacy, and depressive symptoms--interacted with psychoeducational group interventions for men with prostate cancer (n = 250) to predict general and prostate-specific quality of life. Men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer were randomly assigned to an education intervention, an education plus group discussion intervention, or usual care and followed for 12 months. Eight groups of 10 to 12 men were convened in each condition. Men who began the study with lower self-esteem, lower prostate-specific self-efficacy, and higher depressive symptoms benefited the most from the interventions. Of these 3 moderator variables, the most consistent results emerged for self-esteem. That is, the benefits of the intervention were strongest for men with low self-esteem.