战国中晚期子家著作中的"亡国"义训

在战国后期的子家著作中，“亡国”一词往往不是用以指陈灭国的事实，而是指称必亡的政治形势，进而也被视作与“王”、“霸”、“危”并立的一种国家类型。作为国家类型的“亡国”，其最明显的特征是君主失制。战国诸子语文中“亡国”含义的多重性表明，上古中国政治思想着眼于如何治理好国家，如何在国际的竞争中生存。这与以城邦为视域的古典希腊政治哲学存在明显不同。

The Signification of the Word "Wang Guo": A Philogical and Historical Analysis

The word Wang Guo, that it used in the works which Written by the scholars who lived in the late Warring- States period, was not always used to record the events about nation- subjugating, and sometimes was it used to describe a declining state as well, With this understanding, the word then could represent one type of countries. When a monarch could not order his subject anymore, his country then was considered as declining one.