Brain preparation before a voluntary action: Evidence against unconscious movement initiation |
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| Authors: | Judy Trevena Jeff Miller |
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| Institution: | 1. Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand;2. Department of Psychology, University of Otago, New Zealand;1. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 975, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France;2. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France;3. Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience – INSERM U894, Paris, France;4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;5. French National Reference Centre for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France;1. Department of Psychology, Palacký University Olomouc, K?í?kovského 511/8, Olomouc, Czech Republic;2. Department of Medical Ethics and Humanities, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Úvalu 84, Prague 5, Czech Republic;1. CEA, DSV/I2BM, NeuroSpin, INSERM, U992, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Univ Paris-Sud, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France;2. Department of Psychology and LSI Programme in Neurobiology and Aging, National University of Singapore, Singapore;1. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, HB 6207 Moore Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;2. Philosophy Department and Kenan Institute for Ethics, Duke University, Box 90432, Durham, NC 27708, USA;3. Department of Philosophy, Dartmouth College, HB 6035 Thornton Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;1. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;2. Institute for Transcultural Health Studies, European University Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany;3. Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany;4. Research Section of Applied Consciousness Sciences, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Benjamin Libet has argued that electrophysiological signs of cortical movement preparation are present before people report having made a conscious decision to move, and that these signs constitute evidence that voluntary movements are initiated unconsciously. This controversial conclusion depends critically on the assumption that the electrophysiological signs recorded by Libet, Gleason, Wright, and Pearl (1983) are associated only with preparation for movement. We tested that assumption by comparing the electrophysiological signs before a decision to move with signs present before a decision not to move. There was no evidence of stronger electrophysiological signs before a decision to move than before a decision not to move, so these signs clearly are not specific to movement preparation. We conclude that Libet’s results do not provide evidence that voluntary movements are initiated unconsciously. |
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