Turning the process-dissociation procedure inside-out: A new technique for understanding the relation between conscious and unconscious influences |
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| Authors: | Steve Joordens Daryl E Wilson Thomas M Spalek Dwayne E Paré |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4;2. Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, 99 University Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada;1. First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, School of Medicine and Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece;2. Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States;3. Division of Pediatric Sleep Medicine and Kosair Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States;4. Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Larissa, Greece;5. Department of Biomathematics, University of Thessaly School of Medicine, Larissa, Greece;6. Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, The Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States;1. Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Alameda Universidade, 1649-013 Lisbon, Portugal;2. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 4200-135, Oporto, Portugal;3. AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, 47 Boulevard Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France;4. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, 6, Faculté de MédecinePitié-Salpêtrière, UPMC – CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière – 91 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France;5. UNESCOG, Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, C. P. 191, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;6. Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS, Rue d’Egmont, 5, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium;7. Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France;8. INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France;9. CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin Center, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France;10. University Paris 11, 91405 Orsay, France;1. Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Lincoln, UK;2. Trent Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, College of Social Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, UK;3. Trent Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK;1. Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Canada;2. Department of Psychology, Boston College, United States |
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| Abstract: | While there is now general agreement that memory gives rise to both conscious and unconscious influences, there remains disagreement concerning the process architecture underlying these distinct influences. Do they arise from independent underlying systems (e.g., Jacoby, 1991) or from systems that are interactive (e.g., Joordens & Merikle, 1993)? In the current paper we present a novel “inside-out” technique that can be used with the process-dissociation paradigm to arrive at more concrete conclusions concerning this central question and demonstrate this technique via a meta-analysis of currently published findings. Our results suggest that the data presented in these studies vary in ways most consistent with the assumption that conscious and unconscious influences behave independently. |
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