Concreteness of thinking and self-focus |
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| Authors: | Keisuke Takano Yoshihiko Tanno |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK;3. Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149 Münster, Germany;1. University of Illinois at Chicago, United States;2. Oklahoma State University, United States;1. Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium;2. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium;3. Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium;4. Department of Data Analysis, Ghent University, Belgium;5. Department of Psychiatry, Free University Brussels, Belgium;6. Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;1. University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, 1601 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States;2. Felton Institute, 1500 Franklin Street, San Francisco, CA 94109, United States;3. University of California, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 8505, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States;4. Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, United States |
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| Abstract: | The present study used the experience sampling method to detect fluctuations in thinking, such as self-focus or concreteness in daily life, and to examine their relationship with depressive symptoms and concurrent negative affect. Thirty-one undergraduates recorded their negative affect, ruminative self-focus, and concreteness of thinking eight times a day for 1 week. Multilevel modeling showed that individuals with increasing levels of depression showed lower levels of concreteness in their daily thinking. Further analysis revealed a significant positive association between momentary ruminative self-focus and concurrent negative affect only with low concreteness of thinking. These results suggested that individuals with increasing levels of depression chronically process self-related information on an abstract level, which reflects a malfunction of their self-regulatory cycle and might serve to maintain or even exacerbate dysphoric moods. |
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