A cluster-analytic approach to identity style classification: Four seems to be better than three

Abstract

In their previous study Crocetti, Berzonsky, and Meeus evaluated the usefulness of empirically-based methods of classification in the process of distinguishing subgroups characterized by different identity styles. They suggested that the four-cluster solution best reflected intra-individual differentiation. One of these groups had not been predicted in Berzonsky’s identity style theory – the group of individuals high in both the normative and the informational style. The aim of this study was to replicate this observation and to expand the perspective of Crocetti et al. to include the emotional functioning of individuals from the different clusters. We were interested in the differences between individuals who predominately used particular identity styles with respect to the personal identity processes (exploration and commitment), the proneness to experience the negative emotions of shame and guilt, and the more general difficulty in regulation of negative emotional states. The participants of the study were 202 Polish university students between the age of 19 and 27. The obtained results showed that the four-cluster solution was the most optimal one. The differences between individuals with different identity styles are presented and discussed.