Self-Handicapping,Expected Evaluation,and Performance: Accentuating the Positive and Attenuating the Negative |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Economics, 2127 North Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9210, United States\n;2. University of Granada, Spain;3. University of Exeter Business School, United Kingdom;4. Departamento de Economia, Metodos Cuantitativos e Historia Economica, University Pablo Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, 1, Sevilla, E-41013, Spain;5. Departamento de Teoria e Historia Economica, University of Granada & Globe, Campus Cartuja, s/n, Granada E-18071, Spain;6. Business School, Middlesex University, London;1. Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology, Pascalstr. 8-9, 10707 Berlin, Germany;2. Technical University Berlin, Pascalstr. 8-9, 10587 Berlin, Germany;3. Siemens AG, Mobility Division, Ackerstraße 22, 38126 Braunschweig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Three studies investigated the influence of social- and self-evaluative motives on self-handicapping and performance. In each study, efficacy expectancies were manipulated by varying the difficulty of a preliminary task, and social- and self-evaluation were manipulated orthogonally. In Study 1, participants who self-handicapped performed better than those who did not when a positive or negative evaluation was expected, in some conditions. In Study 2, we used a situationally imposed handicap and found that both social- and self-evaluation participants showed improved performance in the presence of the handicap. In Study 3, when a positive or negative evaluation was expected, high self-handicappers performed better after choosing to self-handicap, for both social- and self-evaluative motives. Little evidence of self-handicapping or effects on subsequent performance was found for low self-handicappers. No evidence was found for self-handicapping among participants who could not be evaluated. Discussion centers around motives to self-handicap and implications for subsequent performance. |
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