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Developmental shifts in children's sensitivity to visual speech: a new multimodal picture-word task |
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| Authors: | Jerger Susan Damian Markus F Spence Melanie J Tye-Murray Nancy Abdi Herve |
| Institution: | a School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA b Callier Center for Communication Disorders, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA c Central Institute for the Deaf and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA d Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK |
| Abstract: | This research developed a multimodal picture-word task for assessing the influence of visual speech on phonological processing by 100 children between 4 and 14 years of age. We assessed how manipulation of seemingly to-be-ignored auditory (A) and audiovisual (AV) phonological distractors affected picture naming without participants consciously trying to respond to the manipulation. Results varied in complex ways as a function of age and type and modality of distractors. Results for congruent AV distractors yielded an inverted U-shaped function with a significant influence of visual speech in 4-year-olds and 10- to 14-year-olds but not in 5- to 9-year-olds. In concert with dynamic systems theory, we proposed that the temporary loss of sensitivity to visual speech was reflecting reorganization of relevant knowledge and processing subsystems, particularly phonology. We speculated that reorganization may be associated with (a) formal literacy instruction and (b) developmental changes in multimodal processing and auditory perceptual, linguistic, and cognitive skills. |
| Keywords: | Picture-word task Audiovisual speech perception U-shaped developmental function Phonological processing Picture word interference Picture naming Multimodal speech processing Dynamic systems theory |
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