The psychometric identification of psychopathy in mentally abnormal offenders |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, The Queens University of Belfast, Belfast BT9, Northern Ireland;2. The Maudsley Hospital, London, England;1. School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;2. Parthenope University, 80100 Naples, Italy;3. Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;4. Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;1. Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, USA;2. Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Canada;1. The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand;2. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;3. Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia;1. Bavaria Hospital, Department of Clinical and Cognitive Rehabilitation, An der Wolfsschlucht 1-2, D-01731 Kreischa, Germany;2. Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Germany;3. Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 27, Hobart 7001, Australia;4. Department of Neuroscience, AOU San Giovanni Battista, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy;5. Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Semmelweissstraße 10, 04105 Leipzig, Germany;6. Department of Neuroradiology, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;7. Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1°, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;8. Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;9. Institute of Physiological and Clinical Psychology, University of Greifswald, Franz-Mehring-Strasse, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;1. Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France;2. Université du Littoral Côte d''Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, E.A. 4492, MREI 1, 59140 Dunkerque, France;3. Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique Libanais (CNRSL), Liban |
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| Abstract: | This study addressed the question of the degree of commonality, at a psychometric trait level, shared between two distinct concepts of psychopathy: a North American concept, defined in terms of chronic antisocial behaviour with early onset; and a European concept, defined in terms of personality deviation. Four groups of Broadmoor patients were identified who conformed to DSM-III criteria for the following diagnostic categories: Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) (n = 12); Other Personality Disorders (OPD) (n = 9); Schizophrenic Disorders (SD) (n = 10); and a Mixed (M) group who met the criteria for both Schizophrenic Disorders and Antisocial Personality Disorder (n = 12). Thus subjects in both the APD and M groups, having a DSM-III diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder, conformed to the North American concept of psychopathy. All diagnostic groups, together with a non-psychiatric control group of psychiatric nurses, were investigated using a composite battery of psychometric measures which tapped the two concepts of psychopathy. The only measure to discriminate successfully between patient groups with an APD diagnosis and other groups was Gough's (1969) Socialisation, which is itself a measure of the North American concept. Measures of personality deviation, including Blackburn's (1987) Belligerence and Withdrawal measures, failed to successfully discriminate DSM-III APD's from others. Thus the degree of trait commonality between the two concepts was found to be minimal. The study also addresses a fundamental question raised recently by both Hare and Harpur (1986) and Raine (1986) in criticism of a study by Howard, Bailey and Newman (1984): Are Broadmoor psychopaths “psychopathic” in the North American sense? Results of the study clearly indicate that they indeed are. |
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