流动儿童歧视知觉与心理健康水平的关系及其心理机制

为了探讨流动儿童所感受到的歧视对他们心理健康水平的影响, 以及应对方式和自尊在其中所起的作用, 从北京市公立学校和打工子弟学校选取1164名流动儿童、从公立学校选取525名北京儿童、从流动儿童主要来源地的农村选取568名农村儿童作为被试, 采用问卷调查的形式, 测查了流动儿童感受到的歧视、他们的心理健康水平(社交焦虑、孤独感、抑郁)、应对方式和自尊。研究发现: (1) 流动儿童所感受到的社会歧视在学校类型、流动性上存在显著的差异, 打工子弟学校的流动儿童得分显著高于公立学校的, 流动性高的儿童得分显著高于流动性低的, 但在性别上不存在显著差异, 也不存在学校类型与性别和流动性的交互作用; (2) 流动儿童的心理健康水平在性别、学校类型和流动性上存在显著的差异, 女孩、来自公立学校的流动儿童、流动性高的儿童的心理健康水平显著差于与之相对应的被试, 除在社交焦虑和抑郁上存在学校类型和性别的交互作用外, 在孤独感上不存在学校类型和流动性的交互作用; (3) 不同类别儿童在心理健康水平上存在显著差异, 流动儿童在社交焦虑、孤独感上最差; (4) 除消极应对与自尊、积极应对与抑郁相关不显著外, 歧视、心理健康水平、应对方式、自尊两两之间都相关非常显著; (5) 歧视知觉对心理健康水平有显著的直接影响, 也通过应对方式和自尊对心理健康水平产生显著的影响。自尊不仅在歧视知觉与心理健康水平之间起到显著的部分中介作用, 在应对方式和心理健康水平之间也起到了显著的部分中介作用。

The Effect Mechanism of Stigma Perception on Mental Health Among Migrant Children in Beijing

Currently, there are more than 140 million rural-to-urban migrants in China and the number keeps growing.An estimate of 19.8 million children under 18 years migrated with their parents from rural areas to the cities Migrant children face a great deal of issues in living and schooling in city and possess a number of mental health problems.Literature suggests that it is common that migrant children are stigmatized by urban residents. A majority of migrant children in Beijing claimed that they were disdained by Beijing citizens and their schoolmates (Beijing natives) kept away from them. Stigma could be a life stressor, theory of Cognitive Phenomenological Transactional pointed out that stress could affect individual's mental health through mediators, such as, coping, cognitive appraisal, and self-esteem. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between stigma perception and mental health among migrant children in Beijing. We tested three hypotheses: (1) Migrant children perceive great stigma, and those with high mobility perceive greater stigma than those who with low fluidity;(2) Migrant children demonstrate poor mental health, and those with high mobility have significantly worse mental health than those with low fluidity; (3) there is a significant relationship between stigma perception and mental health; coping and self-esteem act as mediators in the relationship between stigma perception and mental health.We recruited 1164 migrant children in Beijing, we also recruited 525 Beijing children and 568 rural children as comparison. Data of demographic information, migration history, stigma perception, coping, self-esteem,and mental health problems (including social anxiety, loneliness, depression etc.) were collected through a self-administrated questionnaire. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOWA), Pearson Correlations and Structure Equation Model (SEM).Data revealed that migrant children perceived great stigma from urban people around them, and the levels of stigma perception were significantly differ by types of schools as well as levels of mobility. Migrant children in private migrant schools reported remarkably higher level of stigma perception than those their counterparts in public schools. Migrant children with high mobility reported higher level of stigma perception than their counterparts with low mobility. There was significant relationship between stigma perception and mental health conditions,between stigma perception and coping, and between stigma and self-esteem, as well as between self-esteem and mental health in Structure Equation Model, we found stigma perception affected mental health directly and indirectly through coping and self-esteem, which suggest that coping and self-esteem could be the mediator between stigma perception and mental health.In conclusion, among migrant children, stigma perception affects mental health significantly and induces problems like social anxiety, loneliness and depression. However, the effect can be mediated by coping and self-esteem. The results of this study suggested that the Theory of Cognitive Phenomenological transactional could be used in migrant children's stigma perception intervention, to reduce their stigma perception, change their coping and enhance their self-esteem, and may improve migrant children's mental health status.