Agreeable mothers: How they manage adverse circumstances and difficult children |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Child and Family Success, Arizona State University, United States;2. Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, United States;1. Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, United States;2. Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education, University of Georgia, United States;1. University of California, Irvine, United States;2. University of Arizona, United States;1. Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;2. Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA;3. Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA;4. Institute for Behavior Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA;5. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA;1. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany;2. Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany;3. Psychology Program, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |
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| Abstract: | Relations between two contextual challenges (low household income, difficult child temperament), maternal agreeableness and three aspects of parenting (harshness, sensitivity, stimulation) were examined when children were 6 months, 54 months old and 5th grade. Mothers with higher incomes and more education were more sensitive and provided more stimulation to their children. They also were less harsh. Mothers high in agreeableness were more likely to demonstrate sensitivity and provide stimulation; and they were less likely to manifest harshness. Maternal agreeableness moderated the effects of low income on parental behavior with significant interaction effects observed in 9 of the 12 models tested. When rearing a difficult child, mother’s high in agreeableness showed more supportive behavior in 3 of the 12 models tested. |
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| Keywords: | Family process Longitudinal research Low-income families Mothers Difficult temperament Parenting Agreeableness |
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