韧性（resilience）——在压力下复原和成长的心理机制

韧性是指面对丧失、困难或者逆境时的有效应对和适应。当生活变化对人们造成威胁时，这种自我保护的生物本能就会展现出来。来自个人、家庭、社会三方面的保护性因素之间会相互作用而组成动力系统，共同抵抗环境的不利影响。韧性的过程模型认为韧性是瓦解和重新整合之后达到的更高平衡状态，与一般意义上的“复原”有区别。在不同人生发展阶段上，韧性呈现出具有不同适应意义的层次结构，其内涵也会因情境而变化。尽管在如何测量韧性的问题上研究者们仍未达成一致意见，但一些简便有效的韧性量表得到了广泛应用。韧性研究的目的是探索个人生存和成长的力量源泉，在教育、医疗、社区和企业中开展的韧性干预训练已经显示出良好效果。

Resilience: The Psychological Mechanism for Recovery and Growth during Stress

Resilience refers to the effective coping and adaptation although faced with loss, hardship, or adversity. This biological imperative for self-protection will be exhibited when people are faced with stress, threats, or life changes. Coping resources or protective factors on personal, family, and social aspects interact with each other into a dynamic system in order to resist the effect of adversity. The process model argues that resilience refers to the higher homeostasis than original level, and it is different from recovery. The hierarchy of resilience demonstrates its adaptive nature on different developmental stages, and the meaning of resilience varies according to the specific situations. Although there is no consensus on the measurement of resilience, some scales have been employed widely for their convenience and efficiency. The aim of resilience research is to examine strength and promote adaptation of people, and resilience interventions conducted by schools, clinical institutions, communities, and enterprises have been proven good effects.