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The self-protective and undermining effects of attributional ambiguity |
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| Authors: | Crystal L. Hoyt Lauren Aguilar Jim Blascovich |
| Affiliation: | a Jepson School of Leadership Studies, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA b Department of Psychology, Columbia University, USA c Department of Psychology, University of Washington, USA d Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA e Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA |
| Abstract: | Two experiments assessed the self-protective and undermining effects of attributional ambiguity. Both studies utilized immersive virtual environment technology to achieve otherwise difficult manipulations of stigma. In Experiment 1, White and Latino participants were either stigmatized (represented as Latino) or not (represented as White) and given negative leadership performance feedback. Afterwards, stigmatized participants reported higher well-being and attributed negative feedback more to discrimination than nonstigmatized participants. In Experiment 2, Latinos represented veridically showed self-protective effects after receiving negative leadership feedback. Additionally, this experiment revealed undermining effects of attributional ambiguity such that those participants represented as Latino discounted positive feedback and reported lower well-being. Thus, attributional ambiguity of stigmatized individuals (real or induced) buffered well-being in the face of negative feedback but undermined the well-being effects of positive feedback. |
| Keywords: | Attributional ambiguity Well-being Attributions to discrimination Discounting Ethnicity Leadership Stigma Virtual environment Self-protective Undermining |
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