Measures of observer agreement when binomial data are collected in free operant situations |
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Authors: | Robert C Elston Stephen R Schroeder Johannes Rojahn |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biometry, Louisiana State University Medical Center, 70112 New Orleans, Louisiana;(2) 136 DDDL/BSRC 220H, Child Development Research Institute, University of North Carolina, 27514 Chapel Hill, North Carolina;(3) Fachbereich Psychologie, Philipps-Universitaet Marburg, D-3550 Marburg (Lahn), Germany |
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Abstract: | This paper examines a model and defines reasonable assumptions underlying different measures of observer agreement for categorical data collected in free operant situations. It is assumed that two or more observers classify operant behaviors of subjects into occurrences and nonoccurrences by recognition by validated response classes (categories) such that the rates of false positives and observer biases are acceptably low. Thus errors are mostly omissions, i.e., failing to observe events that occur. Four alternative cases are derived, together with formulas for calculating significance tests, variances, and standard errors, three of which do not depend on knowledge of the proportion of time points at which the event does not occur.We wish to acknowledge NICHD Grant HD-10570, The Neuropharmacology of Developmental Disorders, George Breese, Ph.D., and C. T. Gualtieri, M.D., Principal Investigators; NIEHS Grant ES-01104; USPHS Grant HD-03110; and MCH Project 916 to the Division for Disorders of Development and Learning. |
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Keywords: | Observer agreement categorical data time sampling |
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