云南省中小学生师生关系发展特点及对学校适应的预测

考察云南省中、小学生师生关系的发展趋势、类型特点和师生关系对中小学生学校适应的作用.采用分层随机取样的方式选取云南省中小学生9055名,调查了他们的师生关系和学校适应.结果发现:(1)云南省中小学生与教师的依恋和亲密性随年级升高呈下降趋势,冲突和回避性随年级升高呈先上升后下降趋势,初中生得分最高.不同年级段学生和性别之间存在显著差异;(2)云南省中小学生与教师的关系存在三种类型:矛盾型、疏远型和亲密型.在矛盾型分布上,随年级升高呈先上升后下降趋势,初中生矛盾型最多.在疏远型上,随年级升高呈上升趋势,高中生疏远型最多.在亲密型上,随年级升高呈下降趋势,小学生亲密型最多.在三种类型上,小学和初中年级段学生存在显著性别差异;(3)冲突性和亲密性是中小学生学校适应的重要预测变量,回避性对中学生有显著预测作用.(4)具有亲密型师生关系的学生学校适应能力显著好于矛盾型和疏远型.结论:应加强对学生亲密型师生关系的培养,更加重视对中学生师生关系的干预.

The Development Trend of Teacher-students Relationship and Its Effect on School Adaptation in Yunnan Province Students of Middle-school and Elementary-school

Objective: In order to explore the teacher-student relationship's development changing trend and type's characteristic in the middle-school students and elementary-school pupils in Yunnan Province;and analysis the effect of teacher-student relationship on students' School Adaptation.Method: Selected the participants according to different layer randomly,then 9055 middle-school students and elementary-school pupils were selected.Every student finished the Teacher-Student Relationship Measure and Adaptation Scale.Result: The analysis showed that(1) The relationship of attachment and friendliness between teacher and student were dropping with grade increasing,and The relationship of conflict and avoidance showed a increasing-droping trend among them,junior high school students were most in conflict and avoidance.Furthermore there was significant different among different grade and gender student;(2) There were three teacher-student relationship types which are contrary type,distant type and close type,and contrary type showed a ascending-droping trend followed grade increasing among them,junior high school students were most in contrary type,distant type were rising with grade increasing,senior high school students were most in this type.The close type were dropping followed grade increasing,elementary-school pupils were most in this type.Also,there was significant different in gender in three types;(3)The relationship of conflict and friendliness significantly predict students'school adaptation,however avoidance significantly predict middle-school students' school adaptation.(4)The students that were belong the close type had better school adaptation than contrary type and distant type. Conclusion: We should enhance education for students'close type in teacher-student relationship,and especially pay more attention to middle-chool students' teacher-student relationship.