言·意·理——朱熹的《四书》诠释方法:语言——文献

《四书》是先秦的历史文本 ,理学是两宋的时代思潮 ,它们之间存在着历史时代的差异。朱熹将《四书》诠释过程规定为 :先达之言→圣人之意→天地之理 ,就是希望通过“语言———文献”的诠释方法 ,来解决《四书》诠释中历史性与时代性的差别问题。朱熹的《四书》学诠释获得了巨大的成功 ,这不仅是由于他的理学适应了两宋以后思想文化变革发展的时代性需要 ,同时也因为他的《四书》学重新发现了那已经失传的儒学学统。

Speech,Idea and Reason:Zhu Xi's Language-Text Approach in Annotating the Four Chinese Classics

The four Chinese classics are texts handed down from the pre-Qin period, and the Confucian school of idealism, the trend of thoughts during the North- and South-Song Dynasty. There therefore do exist certain differences between the two. However, that Zhu Xi defines the progress of annotating the four Chinese classics as from the expression of the ancestors to that of the idea of the sage, and then to that of reason, indicates his hope to solve the issue of the differences between historicism and the characteristics of the times in the four Chinese classics through the language-text approach. The great successes brought about by his annotating approach lies not only in the fact that his idealist philosophy has met the ideological needs after the North- and South-Song Dynasty, but also in the fact that his study on the four Chinese classics has rediscovered the lost Confucian tradition.