Testing a dual-process model of avoidant defenses |
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| Institution: | 1. Nyack College, United States;2. University of California, Davis, United States;3. University of Kansas, United States;1. Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;2. Department of General and Experimental Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany;3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh;4. Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;5. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Richlands, QLD 4077, Australia;1. School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK;2. MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK;3. Academic Unit of Psychology, Southampton University, UK;1. King''s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, The Basement, P059 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK;2. King''s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, UK;3. King''s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, UK;4. King''s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, UK;1. University of Southampton, United Kingdom;2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom;3. University of Bristol, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Research suggests that the defensive strategy used by people who score high on attachment-related avoidance when they encounter interpersonal threats involves two stages: automatic vigilance followed by effortful avoidance. In two studies we varied stimulus exposure times and cognitive load to determine how attention is regulated by avoidant individuals. Results indicate that avoidant individuals were vigilant toward contempt faces when the faces were presented for 100 ms but quickly disengaged from them when the faces were presented for 750 ms. Moreover, avoidant participants could disengage from contempt faces presented for 750 ms while rehearsing a simple 1-digit number, but not when rehearsing a 7-digit number, suggesting that avoidant disengagement is a cognitively effortful process. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Attachment theory Avoidant defenses Dual process Attention |
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