The effect of punishment and reinforcement procedures on a stutterer's factor II avoidance response |
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Authors: | Paul Bastijens Gene J Brutten Rene Stés |
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Institution: | Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical School, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA;Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical School, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium |
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Abstract: | The purpose of this clinical experiment was to investigate the manipulability of a Factor II avoidance response (arm movement). The substantive hypothesis under test was that its suppression would be enhanced by repeated punishment sessions. During the first of nine therapy sessions response-contingent negative stimulation was not delivered. In the next five, after a base-rate period, “wrong” was made consequent upon the target response. In each of these sessions the suppression of arm movement was apparent. However, the magnitude of the suppression decreased from session to session. Evidently, the continued use of punishment did not enhance suppression. Because of this finding procedural changes were introduced in the next three therapy sessions. Verbal praise was added as a consequence of increasingly stringent omission criteria and three consecutive units of praise led to time-out from the reportedly fatiguing task of continuous speech. A marked reduction and then complete extinction resulted. Moreover, learning was evidenced since the frequency of arm movement lessened in the base-rate period of each session. |
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Keywords: | Address correspondence to: Gene J Brutten Ph D Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology Southern Illinois University 62901 USA |
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