工作情境中的人格研究：回顾与展望

人格研究对任何层次的组织行为都产生了深远的影响，大量元分析都显示了人格特质对工作动机、工作绩效、员工幸福感、压力与应对、团队效能、冲突与谈判、权利与政治、领导以及反组织行为等组织行为指标具有良好的预测力。但是人格研究在组织中的应用因为人格测验的效度和被试在测验中“作假”而饱受争议和批评。人格理论的拓展及其跨文化的适用性，人格特质的负面作用以及结合组织情境的动态研究都是今后研究值得关注和探索的方向。

Personality Research On Organization Behavior:Problems and Future Research Directions

The article was to review the contribution and limitation of personality research in terms of organizational behavior.First,we reviewed the research on the relationship between personality traits and work behavior,embracing individual behavior,group behavior and organizational behavior and pointed out their implications when applied to real organizations.Generally speaking,among the Big Five personality,sense of responsibility can be a positive predictors both for work motivation,job satisfaction,job performance,employee well-being,career interests and pressure,to enhance career success.Neuroticism has a negative impact on job satisfaction,job performance,employee well-being,motivation and stress response,to hinder career success.The relationship between extraversion,agreeableness and vocational interests and job performance limited specific occupations or performance indicators.It shows that the relationship depends on the match between personality and job;when personality fits job requirements,it can perform well enough to obtain high satisfaction and high performance.Then the article discussed three problems about the application of personality research in organizations,i.e.the appropriateness of linear models assumes between personality traits and the indicators of job outcome,the small validities and the subject’s faking in tests.Future research should focus on broader traits beyond the "big five",pay more attention to the type theory of personality.People should pay attention to both the positive effect and the negative effect which personality traits exercise on organizational behavior,to their applicability,especially on the basis of indigenous research.They should go beyond self-report measures,combine their research with assessment centers,projective tests and daily data and conduct personality processes research in a dynamic organizational setting,in particular,with more focus on personality research based on Chinese culture.