再探汉字加工中语音、语义激活的相对时间进程

在Zhou和Marslen-Wilson（2000）基础之上,进一步探讨汉字加工中语音和语义信息激活的相对时间进程及其对汉字加工理论的含义。采用启动范式,用同一目标字与语义相关启动字、同音启动字以及无关控制启动字配对,变化同音启动字读音与其声旁的规则性,变化启动字与目标字呈现之间的时间间隔（SOA,57ms或200ms）,使用两种实验任务（真假字判断和命名）,考察语义、语音效应发生的时间先后与效应量的大小。真假字判断实验发现,不管SOA如何,语义启动效应都非常显著,而同音启动效应则随SOA的增长而逐渐加大,从不显著到显著;同音启动字读音规则性对启动效应没有明显影响。命名实验发现,语义启动、同音启动效应同时存在于长、短SOA条件中。长SOA时,两者在数值上没有显著差异;短SOA时,同音不规则字产生的启动效应等同于语义启动效应,而同音规则字产生的启动效应则大于语义启动效应。结合其它实验发现,这些结果说明,在熟练的汉字加工中,语音信息的激活并不比语义信息早,语音激活也不是语义激活的先决条件;但汉字各种信息激活的相对激活量和时间进程会随任务性质和材料性质而在一定范围内有所改变。

THE RELATIVE TIME COURSE OF PHONOLOGICAL AND SEMANTIC ACTIVATION IN READING CHINESE: FURTHER EVIDENCE

The relative time course of phonological and semantic activation in reading Chinese characters was investigated, following up the study of Zhou and Marslen-Wilson (2000) . A primed lexical decision task and a primed naming task were used in which a target character was preceded by a semantically related character, a homophonic character, or their matched unrelated characters. The stimuli were differentiated into two groups according to whether the homophone primes were phonologically " regular" characters that contains phonetic radicals pronounced in the same way as the whole characters, or " irregular" characters that contains phonetic radicals pronounced in different ways. In lexical decision, semantic priming effects were found at both the short (57ms) and long (200ms) SOAs, while the homophone priming effects were found only at the long SOA. The phonological regularity of the homophone primes had no influence on the pattern of priming effects. In naming, semantic and phonological priming effects were found at both SOAs, with no different for the two effects at the long SOA. At the short SOA, however, regular homophone primes produced a larger effect than the semantic effect while irregular homophone primes produced an equal effect as the semantic primes. It was argued that in skilled reading of Chinese, phonological information is not activated earlier than semantic information and phonological activation is not the precondition for semantic activation; but the relative time course of the activation of different types of information can be varied by task demand and by the characteristics and composition of stimuli.