Interaction effects of perceived gaze direction and dynamic facial expression: Evidence for appraisal theories of emotion |
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| Authors: | David Sander Didier Grandjean Susanne Kaiser Thomas Wehrle Klaus R Scherer |
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| Institution: | 1. Swiss Center for Affective Sciences , University of Geneva;2. Geneva Emotion Research Group, Department of Psychology , University of Geneva , Switzerland David.Sander@pse.unige.ch;4. Geneva Emotion Research Group, Department of Psychology , University of Geneva , Switzerland;5. Psychological Methods Group , Psychological Institute, University of Zurich , Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Appraisal theorists suggest that the face expresses cognitive processes involved both in the orienting of attention (primarily gaze direction) and in the evaluation of emotion-eliciting events. Contrary to the assumption of direct emotion recognition by basic emotions theorists, this implies an interaction effect between “perceived gaze direction” and “perceived facial expression” in inferring emotion from the face. These two theoretical perspectives were comparatively tested by requesting participants to decode dynamic synthetic facial expressions of emotion presented with either an averted or a direct gaze. Confirming the interaction predicted by appraisal theories, the perceived specificity and intensity of fear and anger depended on gaze direction (direct gaze for anger and averted gaze for fear). |
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