An experimental simulation of adaptations to increased car-use costs |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dresden University of Technology, Germany;2. Department of Psychology, Göteborg University, Box 500, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden;3. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland;4. Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan;1. Department of Economic Analysis and Political Economy, Faculty of Economics and Business Sciences, Universidad de Sevilla, Ramón y Cajal 1, 41018, Seville, Spain;2. Department of Financial Economy and Operations Management, Faculty of Economics and Business Sciences, Universidad de Sevilla, Ramón y Cajal 1, 41018, Seville, Spain;1. Resources for the Future, 1616 P. St. NW, Washington DC 20036, USA;2. Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Ave. Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China;1. Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Italy;2. Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Italy;1. Eindhoven University of Technology, Urban Planning Group, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;2. Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics, Department of Business, Economics, Marketing Section, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | A paper-and-pencil experimental simulation was devised to examine car users’ adaptation to increased travel costs. In Study 1 travel related to different types of daily agendas was compared for two groups of undergraduates (n = 24) with different costs for car use. When car-use costs increased, a tradeoff between minimizing travel costs and travel time was observed for both more and less habitual car users. Car-use reduction was still less among the former than among the latter. Study 2 employed four groups of undergraduates (n = 48) to examine effects of learning when the costs for car use changed from low to high, from high to low, or remained unchanged. Small learning effects were observed when there was no change in costs. When the costs changed, asymmetrical carryover effects indicated a higher responsiveness to changes from low to high costs than the reverse. |
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