Stressful experiences among six certification levels of ice hockey officials |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK;2. Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK;3. Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, CF23 6XD, UK;4. Department of Health, Kinesiology and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA;1. Risk and Information Management Research Group, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;2. Forensic Mental Health Research Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;3. Biological and Experimental Psychology Research Group, The School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;2. Faculty of Kinesiology & Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada;3. College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;4. Dilawri Simulation Center, Regina Qu׳Appelle Health Region, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada;1. Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany;2. Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany;3. York University, Toronto, Canada |
| |
| Abstract: | ObjectivesWhile many studies have examined the sources of stress that sports officials encounter, this study represents an exploration into the influence that certification level has on the sources and intensity of ice hockey officials’ experiences of stressful events.MethodsParticipants were 421 officials from six certification levels of Canadian ice hockey. The 15-item Hockey Officials Sources of Stress Inventory (HOSSI) was developed and content validated for this study.ResultsOverall, the intensity of the stressors identified was moderate. The three events consistently among the top five rated stressors across certification level were making a controversial call, difficulty working with a partner official, and confrontation with coaches. Further examination of the subscales of verbal and physical abuse and fear of mistakes by means of a MANCOVA (using age and officiating experience as covariates) showed significant differences to exist among certification level for each subscale, F(10,786)=5.175, p<0.0001 and F(10,786)=7.546, p<0.0001, respectively.ConclusionsResults indicate that officials in the lowest level of the officiating ranks (level 1) experience less stress than the other levels of officiating. Also, levels 1 and 6 officials experience more stress from fear of mistakes than from abusive events. These findings suggest that intervention programs need to be cognisant of the differences in the stressful experiences based upon certification levels. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
