Observation of elite gymnastic performance: Processes and perceived functions of observation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Université de Reims & Institut National du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique, Paris, France;2. Institut National du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique, Paris, France;1. The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;2. Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;3. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;4. Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;1. Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;2. Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany;1. School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK;2. School of Kinesiology, Vancouver Campus, 210-6081 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;3. Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall Campus, Gorway Road, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK;1. Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain;2. San Isidoro University Center, Cartuja Island, Seville, Spain;3. The New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney Olympic Park, Australia |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was firstly to examine the nature of the information individuals extract from observations of their own performance and the reasons they give for choosing this information. Second, we aimed to investigate how individuals treat observed information and the strategies they use. Identification of the reasons for the use of each of the strategies was also discerned.DesignA protocol inspired by Ericsson and Simon's (1993) Think-Aloud-Procedure.MethodTen French female elite gymnasts were invited to “think-aloud” as they viewed a video sequence of their own performance.ResultsFindings revealed that the gymnasts paid attention mainly to spatial information and rarely reported kinematics information. The participants reported four main reasons for observing their own performance: (i) to improve self-assessment; (ii) to increase performance of technical execution; (iii) to increase imagery; and (iv) to increase visual perceptions. Gymnasts used different strategies to code the information, such as imagery, self-talk, imagery associated with self-talk, observing others and listening to the coach's feedback. These strategies of retention were perceived to be a means to improve performance.ConclusionsThe results are discussed in relation to Bandura's [(1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company] social cognitive theory of observational learning. |
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