Effects of distraction and experience on situation awareness and simulated driving |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of West Florida, Department of Psychology, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, FL 32514, United States;2. Texas Tech University, Department of Psychology, Lubbock, TX 79409-2051, United States;1. Motor Transport Institute, Poland;2. Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Poland;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, 125 Irani-Oxy, PO Box 11-0236, Riad el Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon;2. Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, 527 Bechtel, PO Box 11-0236, Riad el Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon;1. CIMCYC, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain;2. Nottingham Trent University, UK;1. Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, University of Athens, “Attikon” University Hospital, 1 Rimini Str., 12462 Haidari, Athens, Greece;2. National Technical University of Athens, Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, 5 Heroon Polytechniou Str., GR-15773 Athens, Greece;1. Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety – Queensland (CARRS-Q), Faculty of Health, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia;2. Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Science and Engineering Faculty, 2 George St., S Block, Room 701 Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;1. Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada;2. Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada |
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| Abstract: | This study examined the impact of cell phone conversation on situation awareness and performance of novice and experienced drivers. Driving performance and situation awareness among novice drivers ages 14–16 (n = 25) and experienced drivers ages 21–52 (n = 26) were assessed using a driving simulator. Performance was measured by the number of driving infractions committed: speeding, collisions, pedestrians struck, stop signs missed, and centerline and road edge crossings. Situation awareness was assessed through a query method and through participants’ performance on a direction-following task. Cognitive distractions were induced through simulated hands-free cell phone conversations. The results indicated that novice drivers committed more driving infractions and were less situationally aware than their experienced counterparts. However, the two groups suffered similar decrements in performance during the cell phone condition. This study provides evidence of the detrimental effects of cell phone use for both novice and experienced drivers. These findings have implications for supporting driving legislation that limits the use of cell phones (including hands-free) in motor vehicles, regardless of the driver’s experience level. |
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