Association between leisure time physical activity and stress,social support and coping: A cluster-analytical approach |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium;2. Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;3. Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium;1. College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China;2. Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;1. Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;2. Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;1. School of Sport, Health and Community, University of Winchester, UK;2. School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand;3. School of Arts Education and Movement, Dublin City University, Ireland;4. School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia;5. School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia;6. Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Australia;7. Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, UK;8. School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand;9. Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Lincoln University, New Zealand;10. School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, UK;11. School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, UK;12. Physical Activity, Health and Rehabilitation Thematic Research Group, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, UK;13. School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia;14. Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA;15. Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK;p. Health and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesIdentifying risk clusters of stress, anxiety and depression, taking into consideration social support and coping, two important factors through which leisure time physical activity may have stress-reducing effects, may lead to more effective exercise treatment strategies for stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether stress, social support and coping cluster in meaningful ways in the general adult population, and whether individuals of these clusters also differ in anxiety, depression and different types of leisure time physical activity.DesignCross-sectional study in a randomly chosen community based sample of adults in the Flemish region of Belgium.MethodA sample of 2616 Flemish adults, aged 18–75, completed two self-report computerized questionnaires on mental health, physical activity and demographic characteristics in the presence of a scientific staff member.ResultsThree reliable clusters were identified in both males and females. The first cluster showed high levels of stress and ineffective coping and low levels of social support. The second one showed the opposite, and the third one an intermediate profile. Anxiety and depression were highest in persons of the stressed cluster and diminished gradually over the intermediate and the nonstressed ones. Sports participation and not other types of leisure time physical activity was significantly lower in the stressed cluster.ConclusionsBy means of cluster analysis, risk groups of stress, anxiety and depression in adult males and females can be identified. Sports participation may have a beneficial effect in these at-risk groups. |
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