Sexual sadism in sexual offenders: An elusive diagnosis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom;2. National Offender Management Service, London, United Kingdom;3. Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom;4. Broadmoor Hospital, Crowthorne, United Kingdom;1. Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;2. Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada;3. Sexual Behaviours Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada;4. Department of Psychiatry & Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The present review considers the various conceptual and operational definitions of sexual sadism as this has been diagnosed among sexual offenders. The most persistent problem this review identified concerns the criteria of the fusion of sexual arousal with one or more of the various features of the offenders' actions or of the victims' responses. Not only do the definitions of sadism vary considerably in what it is that is thought to provoke sexual arousal, the operationalization of these definitions also varies. Furthermore, none of the operational definitions appears to satisfactorily or reliably measure sadism. In face of these discouraging observations we recommend abandoning the present diagnostic criteria and shifting to a dimensional approach to defining sadism. |
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