Memory indexing of sequential symptom processing in diagnostic reasoning |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Education, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC;2. Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC;4. Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC;5. Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA;1. Resident, Temple University Hospital Podiatric Surgical Residency Program, Philadelphia, PA;2. Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA;1. Resident, Temple University Hospital Podiatric Surgical Residency Program, Philadelphia, PA;2. Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA;1. Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Italy (MM);2. Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy (SM, BF);3. Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana “Gabriele Monasterio”, Pisa, Italy (SM, BF, CB, CM);4. Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) 5, Toscana, Italy (EA, RP) |
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| Abstract: | In diagnostic reasoning, knowledge about symptoms and their likely causes is retrieved to generate and update diagnostic hypotheses in memory. By letting participants learn about causes and symptoms in a spatial array, we could apply eye tracking during diagnostic reasoning to trace the activation level of hypotheses across a sequence of symptoms and to evaluate process models of diagnostic reasoning directly. Gaze allocation on former locations of symptom classes and possible causes reflected the diagnostic value of initial symptoms, the set of contending hypotheses, consistency checking, biased symptom processing in favor of the leading hypothesis, symptom rehearsal, and hypothesis change. Gaze behavior mapped the reasoning process and was not dominated by auditorily presented symptoms. Thus, memory indexing proved applicable for studying reasoning tasks involving linguistic input. Looking at nothing revealed memory activation because of a close link between conceptual and motor representations and was stable even after one week. |
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| Keywords: | Spatial indexing Process tracing Eye tracking Diagnostic reasoning Belief updating Situated cognition |
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