Visual illusions and direct perception: Elaborating on Gibson's insights |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China;2. Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;3. Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands;1. Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2004, USA;2. General and Experimental Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany;3. Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France;4. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;1. 12, Rue Marguerite-Séraphine Beving, L-1234, Luxembourg;2. Centre for Health Promotion (ZithaGesondheetsZentrum), Hôpitaux Robert Schuman, ZithaKlinik, 36 Rue Ste Zithe, 2763 Luxembourg, Luxembourg |
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| Abstract: | Gibson argued that illusory pictorial displays contain “inadequate” information (1966, p. 288) but also that a “very special kind of selective attention” (p. 313) can dispel the illusion–suggesting that adequate perceptual information could in fact be potentially available to observers. The present paper describes Gibson's treatment of geometrical illusions and reviews pertinent empirical evidence. Interestingly, Gibson's insights have been corroborated by recent findings of inter- and intra-observer variability in susceptibility to visual illusions as a function of culture, learning and task. It is argued that these findings require a modification of the general Gibsonian principle of perception as the detection of specifying information. Withagen and Chemero's (2009) evolutionary motivated reconceptualization of perception predicts observers' use of both specifying and non-specifying information and inter- and intra-observer variability therein. Based on this reconceptualization we develop an ecological approach to visual illusions that explains differential illusion effects in terms of the optical variable(s) detected. |
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| Keywords: | Visual illusions Ecological psychology Individual differences Visual perception Perceptual information |
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