When expectation confounds iconic memory |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Law, Institute of Penal Law, University of Tartu (Tallinn Branch), Estonia;2. Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Tartu (Tallinn Branch), Estonia;1. Institute of Psychology I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany;2. Department of Experimental – Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;1. Dept. Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil;2. Dept. Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo,São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil;1. Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;2. Department of General Surgery, No. 454 Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China;1. Lab. Síntesis de Complejos. Fac. Ciencias. Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, P.O. Box 156, C.P, 72001, Puebla Pue. Mexico;2. Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, C.U., C.P, 72001, Puebla Pue. Mexico |
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| Abstract: | In response to the methodological criticism (Bachmann & Aru, 2015) of the interpretation of their earlier experimental results (Mack, Erol, & Clarke, 2015) Mack, Erol, Clarke, and Bert (2016) presented new results that they interpret again in favor of the stance that an attention-free phenomenal iconic store does not exist. Here we once more question their conclusions. When their subjects were unexpectedly asked to report the letters instead of the post-cued circles in the 101th trial where letters were actually absent, they likely failed to see the empty display area because prior experience with letters in the preceding trials produced expectancy based illusory experience of letter-like objects. |
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| Keywords: | Iconic memory Attention Precision Prior Predictive coding |
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