反思自我评价的性质

反思自我评价是指个体对于他人如何看待自己的知觉；它对自我概念、种族认同的形成起着重要作用。反思自我评价并不完全准确，它受熟悉性，自尊水平等多种因素的影响。关于反思自我评价的形成，目前主要有三种理论：直接观察模型、他人反馈模型和自我理论模型。由于中西方在文化、社会和历史背景上的不同，应加强建构适合我国文化背景的反思自我评价理论；另外，也应加强对反思自我评价研究的应用探讨。

A Review of the Properties of Reflected Self-appraisal

Reflected self-appraisal refers to how an individual feels about what othen people view him or her.It is essential to the formation of self-concept.On the one hand,reflected self-appraisals directly influence one’s formation of self-concept;on the other hand,actual appraisals of other people would have a remote effect on self-perception through reflected self-appraisals.Furthermore,it has a major effect on racial identity;people may infer others’view on his own race and internalize these views as racial identity.As to the accuracy of reflected self-appraisals,people are better at understanding how others generally view them.But they seem to have just a tiny glimmer of insight into how they are uniquely viewed by particular other people.The reason may be that under the same circumstances,others may respond in the similar way to one person.Therefore,one can randomly know how specific others deem him.Thus one can not have accurate views of specific others.Reflected self-appraisals on traits are more accurate than affection.Compared with those with low self-esteem,people with high self-esteem know others’views on themselves more precisely.The accuracy of reflected self-appraisals may differ due to one’s familiarity with others.The accuracy of reflected self-appraisals under different cultural background also differs from each other.Three theoretical resources could be taken to account for the formation of reflected self-appraisals,i.e,the direct observation model,the feedback model,and the self-theory model.According to the feedback theory,people observe others’ reactions to their behavior and base their reflected self-appraisals on that feedback.According to the direct observation theory,people consider their behavior and then attempt to determine how that behavior influenced the other person’s impression of them.From this perspective,people’s behavior influences their reflected self-appraisals but does not affect self-perception.Finally,according to the self-theory view,people assume that their personalities,as they see themsewes,will be immediately apparent to others,regardless of their behavior during particular social episodes.From this perspective,reflected self-appraisals is based on people’s general views of themselves;people simply believe that others will see them as they see themselves.Interpersonal behavior plays no role in reflected self-appraisals.There is also some development on the neural mechanism of reflected self-appraisals.The neural mechanism is investigated when one implements direct self appraisal and reflected self-appraisal.The result shows that the same region and each particular region are activated by these two appraisals.We should construct a reflected self-appraisals theory which is appropriate for our cultural background due to the cultural,social and historical differences between the Eastern and Western societies.Furthermore,the application of the self-reflective theory should be discussed.