关于幼儿嗅、味、动、触摸感觉道记忆的研究

记忆在幼儿心理的发展过程中,具有极为重要的作用。幼儿知识的掌握,语言的学习,技巧的培养,以至个性的形成,都与记忆活动密切联系。国内外关于幼儿记忆的研究,主要限于有意与无意识记,机械与意义识记,形象与语词记忆等方面,很少从不同感觉道输入信息来进行比较。有的实验虽然涉及到不同感觉道的记忆,但被试者都是7岁以上的儿童,如斯梅德利(Smedley)和三岛、横尾等人的研究。为了全面了解幼儿的记忆发展水平,我们设计了关于幼儿不同感觉道记忆的实验研究,试图通过对幼儿各个感觉道输入信息来全面测查幼儿的视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉、动觉和触摸党的记忆水平,了解其发展规律及特点,以便为幼儿记忆的理论研究提供实验数据,为幼儿教育提供心理学依据。

New Evidence for Whorf Hypothesis: Lexical Categories Affect Preattentive Color Perception when Within- and Between-category Colors are Equally Discriminable

The present study investigated whether lexical categories affect preattentive color perception when within- and between-category colors are equally discriminable. Four gradual colors (two greens and two blues), with within- and between-category colors equated in the number of just-noticeable differences, were used. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were monitored during a visual oddball task where standard and deviant colored stimuli from the same or different lexical categories were presented. ERPs showed that, within-category deviants evoked a marginal significantly larger vMMN than the between-category deviants when the stimuli were presented in the left visual field (LVF), but no such difference was observed when stimuli were presented in the right visual field (RVF). Further, between-category deviants evoked a significantly larger vMMN when the stimuli were presented in the RVF, but within-category deviants evoked similar vMMNs when the stimuli were presented in different visual fields. These results suggested that lexical categories affect preattentive color perception when within- and between-category colors are equally discriminable, supporting the Whorf Hypothesis.