加工焦点性和任务负荷对不同认知方式大学生前瞻记忆的影响

采用双任务范式,探讨了加工焦点性和进行中任务负荷对不同认知方式大学生前瞻记忆的影响。包括两个实验:实验一探讨进行中任务与前瞻记忆任务加工的焦点性和加工类型的一致性对不同认知方式大学生前瞻记忆的影响;实验二探讨进行中任务负荷对不同认知方式大学生在在焦点加工和非焦点加工条件下前瞻记忆的影响。结果显示:焦点加工条件下的前瞻记忆成绩高于非焦点加工,且不受进行中任务负荷的影响;不管进行中任务与前瞻记忆任务的加工类型是否一致,在进行中任务负荷较高且非焦点加工条件下,场独立大学生的前瞻记忆成绩高于场依存大学生。本研究结果支持多重加工理论。

The Effect of the Focality of Processing and Ongoing Task Load on Prospective Memory for Undergraduates with Different Cognitive Styles

The present study aimed to investigate how the focality of processing and ongoing task load affect the event-based prospective memory (EBPM) for undergraduates with different cognitive styles. This study contained two experiments. Experiment 1 examined the effect of the focality of processing and the matching in the types of processing between the prospective memory task and ongoing task on EBPM for field-independent (FI) and field-dependent (FD) undergraduates. Experiment 2 investigated how ongoing task load and the focality of processing affected the EBPM for FI and FD undergraduates. The results showed that, (1) the performance in focal processing condition was better than that in nonfocal processing condition, which was not affected by the change of the ongoing task load; (2) under conditions of high ongoing task load and nonfocal processing, the performance for FI undergraduates was significantly better than that for FD ones, which was not affected by the matching in the types of processing between the prospective memory task and ongoing task. The present study supports the multiprocess theory.