创伤暴露程度、主观害怕程度对儿童创伤后应激障碍影响的追踪研究:社会支持的调节作用

为了考察创伤暴露程度、主观害怕程度、社会支持与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）之间的纵向关系，本研究采用创伤暴露程度问卷、主观害怕程度问卷、社会支持问卷与儿童创伤后应激障碍症状量表对雅安地震半年后的303名小学生进行测查，并于震后一年半时进行再次测查。逐步回归分析的结果发现，创伤暴露程度对地震半年后的PTSD具有显著的正向预测作用，对震后一年半的PTSD没有显著的预测作用；无论是震后半年还是一年半，主观害怕都可以加剧PTSD、社会支持都可以缓解PTSD；社会支持在创伤暴露程度与PTSD之间不起显著的调节作用，但却可以显著地调节主观害怕程度对震后一年半的PTSD的影响，表现为主观害怕程度对震后一年半的PTSD的正向预测作用随着社会支持水平的增加而降低。

The Effect of Traumatic Severity and Posttraumatic Fear on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Moderating Role of Social Support

To examine the relationships among traumatic severity, posttraumatic fear, social support and posttraumatic stress disorder, this study investigated 303 pupils by traumatic severity questionnaire, posttraumatic fear questionnaire, social support and PTSD scale in 0.5 years and 1.5 years after Ya'an earthquake. Then the regression analysis found that the traumatic severity have a positive effect on PTSD at 0.5 year but not 1.5 year after earthquake. Regardless of the change of time, posttraumatic fear has a positive effect on PTSD, social support has on negative effect on PTSD. In addition, the results of study also found that social support don't moderate the relationship between traumatic severity and PTSD from 0.5 year to 1.5 years after earthquake, but the social support have a moderating effect on the relationship between posttraumatic fear and PTSD in 1.5 year but not 0.5 years after earthquake.