亲子依恋、同伴依恋与青少年消极情感的关系:有调节的中介模型

以3353名初一、初二、高一、高二年级学生为被试,探讨了青少年消极情感的特点,并进一步检验了不同依恋类型对青少年消极情感的独特效应、同伴依恋在亲子依恋与消极情感中的中介作用以及二者对消极情感的交互作用。结果发现:1)青少年的消极情感水平总体上呈现从初一到高二逐渐上升的趋势,且女生得分显著高于男生;2)同伴与父子依恋对消极情感的独特效应显著,但母子依恋的独特效应不显著,且同伴依恋在消极情感中的独特效应显著高于父子与母子依恋;3)同伴依恋部分中介父子依恋与消极情感、完全中介母子依恋与消极情感的联系,同时,父子与母子依恋又调节同伴依恋对消极情感的影响,表现为同伴依恋对消极情感的预测在高亲子依恋个体中更显著。因而,依恋对消极情感的作用机制中,间接效应模型与交互作用模型同时成立,是有调节的中介效应。

The Relationships among Parent-child Attachment,Peer Attachment and Negative Affect in Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of adolescents' negative affect and its relationships with father-child, mother-child and peer attachment. Peer attachment was posited as a mediator of the link between parent-child attachment and adolescents' negative affect; parent-child attachment was further posited as a moderator of the link between peer attachment and negative affect. A total of 3363 students from 8 middle schools in Beijing were tested with questionnaires at class. The Results indicated that:1) In general, the level of adolescents' negative affect increased with grade, and girls scored significantly higher than boys; 2) Both father-child attachment and peer attachment were uniquely and negatively associated with adolescents' negative affect, and peer attachment was more strongly related to negative affect than parent-child attachment; 3) Peer attachment partly mediated the link between father-child attachment and negative affect, while fully mediated the link between mother-child attachment and negative affect; 4) Parent-child attachment also moderated the relationship between peer attachment and negative affect, with the association stronger among those scored higher on parent-child attachment. These findings suggested that both interaction model and indirect-effect model exist in the relationships of different types of attachment and adolescents' negative affect, creating a moderated mediation model.