离婚对儿童青少年心理发展的影响:父母冲突的重要作用

离婚对儿童青少年心理发展的影响从20世纪70年代末开始引起国内外研究者的极大关注。本文从以下三个方面对离婚如何影响儿童青少年心理发展的研究进行综述:(1)离婚与儿童青少年心理发展关系的研究在不同历史阶段的理论变迁——从"严重影响说"到"有限影响说";(2)离婚影响儿童青少年心理发展的机制探讨:大量研究都证实父母冲突是比离婚本身对儿童青少年影响更大的一个因素,离婚前父母冲突会调节离婚对儿童青少年的影响方向和大小,离婚后的父母冲突与父母共同养育会通过影响亲子关系和父母的教养行为进而对儿童青少年的心理发展造成影响;(3)现有研究对实践工作以及未来研究方向的启示。

The Influence of Parental Divorce on Children and Adolescents' Mental Development: The Important Role of Inter-Parental Conflict

The influence of parental divorce on children and adolescents' development has attracted researchers' attention since 1970s.This paper reviewed and presented studies on this topic from three aspects:(1) the theoretical changes of relationship between parental divorce and their children's development, from severe and negative effects of parental divorce on children's development, to limited effects of parental divorce; (2) the process and mechanism of how parental divorce would influence children and adolescents' development:a lot of research revealed that inter-parental conflict was a more critical factor than divorce, while inter-parental conflict before divorce moderated the direction and magnitude of divorce effects, and inter-parental conflict as well as co-parenting after divorce influenced children and adolescents' development through the mediation of parent-child relationship and parenting behaviors; (3) the previous studies in this field had many clinical implications and inspired future research about how divorce influence children in China.