人因学发展的新取向

当前新技术、人机交互的新特征、社会和人的新需求给中国人因学(Human Factors)的进一步发展创造了一个有利时机。本文首先讨论和分析了一些具有代表性的开拓了人因学科研究深度和广度的新技术和新途径, 包括神经人因学, 认知工程, 协同认知系统, 社会技术系统; 以及人因学科应用中的一些挑战和策略。然后, 就进一步发展我国的人因学科, 本文提出首先要解决的问题是建立多学科交叉的人因学科的科研教育体制, 并在此基础上, 注重理论创新, 以创新设计为突破点, 在智能系统、用户体验、航天航空和医疗健康等领域中优先发展和应用。当前迫切需要解决的是, 建立完善的人因学科高校教育体系, 建立完善的人因学科多学科交叉的科研体系, 以及建立人因学科行业资质标准和设计标准体系。

New trends in human factors

Emerging technologies, new features of human-computer interaction, and unique social and human needs have created a favorable opportunity for the further development of Human Factors and related disciplines in China. This paper first discusses and analyzes some representative new technologies and new approaches, including neuroergonomics, cognitive engineering, joint cognitive systems, and sociotechnical systems, that have expanded the depth and breadth of Human Factors and related fields of study. The paper then discusses the challenges and strategies in the applications of Human Factors and related disciplines. To further develop these academic fields in our country, this paper proposes three actions. The first action to take is to solve the problem of establishing an interdisciplinary research and education system. The second and third actions are to pay attention to innovations in Human Factors theories and take innovative design as the breakthrough point. Intelligent systems, user experience, space and aviation, and health care are the domains with high priority for research and application of Human Factors and related areas of study. At present, four urgent steps are necessary: (a) establish a fully developed higher education system, (b) organize an interdisciplinary research structure, (c) institute professional certification, and (d) develop a system for Human Factors design standards.