高难度材料的元记忆监测更受记忆广度的制约

以不同难度(有、无意义联系)的两种中文词对为记忆材料,随机选取在校大学生200名,采用经典的回忆-判断-再认(recall-judgement-recognition,RJR)范式,考察短时记忆广度和一般自我效能感对个体在不同难度材料上元记忆监测的影响。结果发现,相比于无意义联系的材料,个体在有意义联系的材料上,JOL、FOK和JOC判断等级更高,线索回忆测验成绩更好。但是,个体在不同材料上的JOL判断和线索回忆受短时记忆广度的调节。不同短时记忆广度的个体在有意义联系材料上的JOL判断等级和线索回忆测验成绩无显著差异,但是在无意义联系材料上,高短时记忆广度个体的JOL判断等级和线索回忆测验成绩均显著高于低短时记忆广度个体。同时,相关分析结果也发现,相比于低短时记忆广度的个体,高短时记忆广度的个体,其线索回忆测验成绩和再认测验成绩与JOL、FOK和JOC判断等级之间更加相关。实验结果表明,作为一种人格变量,一般自我效能感对个体元记忆监测的影响可能并不明显。而短时记忆广度,很大程度上反映了个体的记忆能力,是个体元记忆监测的一个重要影响因素,尤其是对难度较大的材料。

Metamemory Monitoring for Difficult Materials is More Seriously Constrained by Span of Short-term Memory

Abstract:Four groups of undergraduates identified by Span of Short-term Memory(STM)and General Self-Efficacy(GSE)were recruited to examine their metamemory monitoring of materials varying in level of difficulty.The materials were semantically related or unrelated pairs of Chinese word.The results showed the ratings of JOL,FOK and JOC and the accuracy of recall for related pairs were higher than those for unrelated pairs.However,the span of STM had a significant interaction with the level of difficulty.Specifically,the ratings of JOL and the accuracy of recall for unrelated pairs were higher in subjects with larger span of STM than those in subjects with smaller span of STM,yet differences for related pairs were insignificant.Furthermore,correlation analyses found that subjects with larger span of STM showed significant correlations between accuracy of recalling and recognizing and the ratings of JOL,FOK and JOC in more conditions than subjects with smaller span of STM.Overall,the study did not find that the GSE,as a personality variable,might affect one's metamemory monitoring.However,the span of STM,reflecting one's capacity of memory,played an important role in one's metamemory monitoring,especially for materials more difficult to memorize.