汶川地震8.5年后青少年身心状况研究

汶川地震8.5年后,对地震极重灾区的2291名青少年进行问卷调查,考察其创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、抑郁、创伤后成长(PTG)和生活满意度等身心反应的现状及其共存形态。结果发现:(1)地震发生8.5年后4.75%的青少年有明显的PTSD症状,29.98%的青少年有明显的抑郁症状,其中女生、少数民族学生、高年级学生的症状水平更高;46.13%的青少年报告其出现了明显的PTG,其中女生和少数民族学生的PTG水平更高;青少年的生活满意度较低,其中初一年级显著高于其他年级,但性别和民族差异不显著;(2)青少年的PTSD与抑郁呈显著正相关、与生活满意度呈显著负相关、与PTG相关不显著,抑郁与PTG和生活满意度呈显著负相关,PTG与生活满意度呈显著正相关;(3)青少年的PTSD、抑郁、PTG和生活满意度之间具有共存的形态,具体表现为成长组(32.6%)、低症状组(39.4%)、症状-成长共存组(5.8%)、中等症状共病组(17.8%)和高度症状共病组(4.4%)等5种类别。

Investigation on Mental Health State of Adolescents after 8.5 Years of Wenchuan Earthquake

In eight and a half years after Wenchuan earthquake, a survey on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, posttraumatic growth (PTG) and life satisfaction was conducted on junior school and high school students in the severely-stricken areas by the earthquake. The results showed that the level of adolescents' PTSD and depression were comparatively high, the prevalence of PTSD and depressive symptoms was 4.75% and 29.98%, among which girls, minority nationality and senior students were high risk populations. About 46.13% of adolescents had pronounced growth, girls and minority adolescents had higher levels of PTG. There had significant difference in grade of life satisfaction; students in first grade of junior school had higher levels of life satisfaction than other grades. PTSD was positively associated with depression and negatively associated with life satisfaction. Depression was negatively associated with PTG and life satisfaction. PTG was positively associated with life satisfaction. There is no significant correlation between PTSD and PTG. Latent profile analysis showed that a 5-class fitted the data best. The 5 pattern groups were named as ‘growth group’(32.6%), ‘coexistence group’(5.8%), ‘low symptoms group’(39.4%), ‘middle symptoms group’(17.8%) and ‘high symptoms group’(4.4%) respectively.