反馈时间、反馈类型和掩蔽类型对概率类别学习的影响

通过操纵反馈时间(即时,延迟)、反馈类型(简单,丰富)和掩蔽类型(塔罗牌,空白矩形),考察概率类别学习的学习机制。结果发现:(1)被试的学习成绩在即时反馈条件下显著优于在延迟反馈条件下;(2)在即时反馈条件下,仅给予简单反馈,被试虽能出色地完成天气预报任务,但是不能正确地判断卡片预测晴天的概率,倾向内隐学习;(3)在其他条件下,被试能正确地判断卡片预测晴天的概率以及各卡片在天气预报任务中预测天气的重要程度,表明被试能外显地意识到这些线索的作用。综上,概率类别学习采用的是双系统学习机制,既依赖内隐学习,又依赖外显学习。

The Influences of Feedback Time,Feedback Type and Masking Type on Probabilistic Category Learning

The learning mechanism of probabilistic category learning is investigated by manipulating the feedback time(immediate,delayed),feedback type(minimal,full)and masking type(tarot,blank rectangle).The results show that:(1)Compared to delayed feedback,the academic performance is significantly better under the condition of immediate feedback.(2)In the case of immediate feedback,given the minimal feedback,the participants can be excellent to complete the weather prediction task,but they cannot correctly determine the probability of card predicting sunny,which means people tend to implicit learning.(3)Under other conditions,the participants are able to correctly determine the probability of card predicting sunny and the importance of the cards in predicting the weather,indicating that the participants are aware of the importance of these clues.These experimental results support the view that the probabilistic category learning is mediated by multiple systems.