青少年抑郁的快感缺失的神经机制研究

抑郁逐渐低龄化使得青少年抑郁备受关注。快感缺失,作为抑郁的一种核心临床症状,已成为抑郁最具前景的内表型之一。然而,青少年抑郁的快感缺失的神经机制迄今仍不清楚。本研究首先汇总两种神经机制模型即三元模型和社会挫折模型;其次,在多种奖励加工如金钱奖励、努力动机奖励、未来奖励和社会奖励条件下,概述青少年抑郁的快感缺失的神经机制前沿进展。未来可以深入探索努力动机奖励和未来奖励在预测青少年抑郁中的作用,加强研究青春期阶段与性别是如何交互影响早期抑郁快感缺失,将无创伤电磁刺激应用于青少年抑郁干预中,进一步澄清青少年抑郁的快感缺失的神经发展机制。

A Review of Neural Mechanism of Anhedonia in Depressive Adolescents

With a trend of younger age, depression in adolescence has been more and more concerned from the psychological, social, and clinical researches. As one of the core clinical symptoms of depression, anhedonia has become one of the most promising endophenotypes in future research of depression. However, the neural mechanism of anhedonia in depressive adolescents is still not clear. Firstly, the current study summarized the two neural mechanism models, namely the triadic model and the social frustration model. Secondly, we reviewed frontiers in the neural mechanism of anhedonia in depressive adolescents under various reward processes, such as monetary reward, effort motivational reward, future reward, and social reward. Future researches are supposed to deeply explore the action of effort motivation and future reward in predicting depressive adolescents, and strengthen how puberty and gender interact on anhedonia in early depression, and further apply noninvasive electromagnetic stimulations to intervene adolescent depression, which will help clarify the neural developmental mechanism of anhedonia in adolescent depression.