从毕生发展的视角看健康的贫富差距

健康的贫富差距是所有个体从出生到死亡都需要面对的现实, 也是全球所有国家都存在的社会问题。目前已经有相当的理论和实证研究尝试从毕生发展的视角理解健康的贫富差距。在毕生发展研究中, 健康的贫富差距有其独特的概念和测量方式。该领域重要的理论包括累积优(劣)势假设、累积不公平模型和社会阶层文化周期模型。研究者就儿童期、青少年期、成年期和老年期的健康贫富差距开展了大量的实证研究。未来毕生发展研究和实践的可能方向包括早年和当前社会经济地位的交互作用、社会经济地位的稳定特征和情境效应、跨领域实践干预等。毕生发展视角的健康贫富差距研究有助于理解健康贫富差距的发展根源和形成过程, 是促进国民健康和开展健康公平实践工作的理论基础。

Understanding socioeconomic disparities in health from life-span perspective

Socioeconomic disparities in health are the realities individuals have to deal with throughout the life span, and are issues all the nations need to face worldwide. Theories and empirical work have attempted to understand socioeconomic disparities in health from life-span perspective. In studies from life-span perspective, socioeconomic disparities in health have its unique definitions and assessment tools. Key theories include cumulative (dis) advantage hypothesis, cumulative inequality model, and cultural cycle model of social classes. Researchers have examined socioeconomic disparities in health in childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, and old age. Future directions of research from life-span perspective should focus on the interaction between socioeconomic status in childhood and adulthood, the distinction of long-term and temporary socioeconomic status, and the potential of psychosocial interventions for health equality across disciplines. Research on socioeconomic disparities in health from life-span perspective may deepen the understanding for the developmental roots of socioeconomic disparities in health and should serve as an important theoretical basis for promoting health and implementing clinical practical work on health equality.